Articular
cartilage: layer of cartilage that covers articulating surfaces of the
bones (usually hyaline but can be fibrocartilage). Its function is to reduce
friction, absorb sock, and protect the bones. It varies in thickness depending
on the amount of stress that it is exposed to.
Synovial
membrane: lines the inside of the capsule and secretes synovial fluid.
Synovial
fluid: released by the synovial membrane. Has the consistency and
appearance of uncooked egg whites. It lubricates the joint cavity, reduces
friction, and provides nutrients to the cartilage.
Bursae:
small, fluid-filled sacs found where two structures rub together (between
ligament and bone/tendon and bone/skin and bone). Provide lubrication and
therefore reduce friction.
Meniscus:
discs of fibrocartilage that are found between some articulation bones (usually
between bones that are not well matched in shape). It allows for bones to fit
together more tightly. Provides greater cushioning and stability to the joint.
Ligaments:
connects bone to bone and provides support.
Articular
capsule: a sleeve-like structure that surrounds a joint. It is flexible
enough to allow movement while also preventing dislocation. (In some cases the
fibers of the capsule are arranged in parallel bundles to form ligaments, which
provide support.)
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